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The Born–Landé equation is a means of calculating the lattice energy of a crystalline ionic compound. In 1918 [1] Max Born and Alfred Landé proposed that the lattice energy could be derived from the electrostatic potential of the ionic lattice and a repulsive potential energy term. [2]
The Born–Landé equation above shows that the lattice energy of a compound depends principally on two factors: as the charges on the ions increase, the lattice energy increases (becomes more negative), when ions are closer together the lattice energy increases (becomes more negative)
The calculated lattice energy gives a good estimation for the Born–Landé equation; the real value differs in most cases by less than 5%. Furthermore, one is able to determine the ionic radii (or more properly, the thermochemical radius) using the Kapustinskii equation when the lattice energy is known.
An exciton is a bound state of an electron and an electron hole which are attracted to each other by the electrostatic Coulomb force resulting from their opposite charges. It is an electrically neutral quasiparticle regarded as an elementary excitation primarily in condensed matter, such as insulators, semiconductors, some metals, and in some liquids.
In some cases, the Schrödinger equation can be solved analytically on a one-dimensional lattice of finite length [6] [7] using the theory of periodic differential equations. [8] The length of the lattice is assumed to be =, where is the potential period and the number of periods is a positive integer.
A bound state is a composite of two or more fundamental building blocks, such as particles, atoms, or bodies, that behaves as a single object and in which energy is required to split them. [ 1 ] In quantum physics , a bound state is a quantum state of a particle subject to a potential such that the particle has a tendency to remain localized in ...
The energy required to break these bonds for one mole of an ionic solid under standard conditions is the lattice energy. ... (1976). "Functional equations for poly ...
The atomic binding energy of the atom is the energy required to disassemble an atom into free electrons and a nucleus. [4] It is the sum of the ionization energies of all the electrons belonging to a specific atom. The atomic binding energy derives from the electromagnetic interaction of the electrons with the nucleus, mediated by photons.