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The respiratory quotient (RQ or respiratory coefficient) is a dimensionless number used in calculations of basal metabolic rate (BMR) when estimated from carbon dioxide production. It is calculated from the ratio of carbon dioxide produced by the body to oxygen consumed by the body, when the body is in a steady state.
Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and good health. [1] Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, food security , or a poor understanding of nutritional requirements. [ 2 ]
Survival rate is a part of survival analysis.It is the proportion of people in a study or treatment group still alive at a given period of time after diagnosis. It is a method of describing prognosis in certain disease conditions, and can be used for the assessment of standards of therapy.
Nutritional science is a multidisciplinary study area concerned with the role of nutrition in health and disease across the human lifespan. [12] Nutritional epidemiology and nutritional science are two fields that share knowledge about the interactions of nutrients, food consumption, and the human body. [ 13 ]
Included as nutritional constituents are provitamin A carotenoids, [38] whereas those without nutrient status are diverse polyphenols, flavonoids, resveratrol, and lignans that are present in numerous plant foods. [39] Some phytochemical compounds are under preliminary research for their potential effects on human diseases and health.
The data on GI and GL listed in this article is from the University of Sydney (Human Nutrition Unit) GI database. [7] The GI was invented in 1981 by Dr Thomas Wolever and Dr David Jenkins at the University of Toronto and is a measure of how quickly a food containing 25 or 50 g of carbohydrate raises blood-glucose levels.
The activity factor used by the USDA was 1.6. In the UK, a lower activity factor of 1.4 is used. In the UK, a lower activity factor of 1.4 is used. The equation has now been replaced by the Institute of Medicine Equation in September 2002 in the US, however is still currently used by the FAO / WHO / UNU .
The survival function is also known as the survivor function [2] or reliability function. [3] The term reliability function is common in engineering while the term survival function is used in a broader range of applications, including human mortality. The survival function is the complementary cumulative distribution function of the lifetime ...