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An insulin tolerance test (ITT) is a medical diagnostic procedure during which insulin is injected into a patient's vein, after which blood glucose is measured at regular intervals. This procedure is performed to assess pituitary function, adrenal function, insulin sensitivity , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and sometimes for other purposes.
The glucose tolerance test was first described in 1923 by Jerome W. Conn. [4]The test was based on the previous work in 1913 by A. T. B. Jacobson in determining that carbohydrate ingestion results in blood glucose fluctuations, [5] and the premise (named the Staub-Traugott Phenomenon after its first observers H. Staub in 1921 and K. Traugott in 1922) that a normal patient fed glucose will ...
Intravenous sugar solution, also known as dextrose solution, is a mixture of dextrose (glucose) and water. [1] It is used to treat low blood sugar or water loss without electrolyte loss. [ 2 ] Water loss without electrolyte loss may occur in fever , hyperthyroidism , high blood calcium , or diabetes insipidus . [ 2 ]
As a medication, insulin is any pharmaceutical preparation of the protein hormone insulin that is used to treat high blood glucose. [6] Such conditions include type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and complications of diabetes such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states. [6]
Regular insulin is used for the long-term management of diabetes. [5] It is the treatment of choice for the two diabetic emergencies diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states. [5] It may also be used in combination with glucose to lower potassium levels in those with hyperkalemia. [6]
Glucose tolerance test A test to see if a person has diabetes. The test is usually given in a lab or doctor's office in the morning before the person has eaten. A first sample of blood is taken from the person. Then the person drinks a liquid that has a measured amount of glucose in it (typically 75 grams).
This test, unlike the other tests, is measured as a percentage because the test measure the proportion of all the hemoglobin that has glucose attached. [2] [10] This test measures the average amount of diabetic control over a period of about 3 months. [10] In non-diabetic people, the HbA1c level ranges from 4.0 to 5.7%. [10]
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. [1] Signs and symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, deep gasping breathing, increased urination, weakness, confusion and occasionally loss of consciousness. [1]