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Supplementing these are two consonants that are internal developments in specific word-medial contexts, [21] and seven consonants originally found in loan words, whose expression is dependent on factors such as status (class, education, etc.) and cultural register (Modern Standard Hindi vs Urdu). Most native consonants may occur geminate ...
In syllable codas consisting of more than one consonant, the weakest consonants are lost without a trace. Then, if there is a long vowel followed by a syllable coda, the long vowel is shortened. The Classical Sanskrit long vowels ē /eː/ and ō /oː/ cannot occur with a consonant coda, so they are shortened to ĕ /e/ and ŏ /o/.
Narrow diphthongs are the ones that end with a vowel which on a vowel chart is quite close to the one that begins the diphthong, for example Northern Dutch [eɪ], [øʏ] and [oʊ]. Wide diphthongs are the opposite – they require a greater tongue movement, and their offsets are farther away from their starting points on the vowel chart.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hindustani (Hindi and Urdu) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Every consonant and every vowel has a single mapping into Roman. Hence it is a prefix code, advantageous from computation point of view. Lower-case letters are used for unaspirated consonants and short vowels, while capital letters are used for aspirated consonants and long vowels.
Monophthongization is a sound change by which a diphthong becomes a monophthong, a type of vowel shift. It is also known as ungliding, [1] [2] as diphthongs are also known as gliding vowels. In languages that have undergone monophthongization, digraphs that formerly represented diphthongs now
The Devanagari script is an abugida, as written consonants have an inherent vowel, which in Standard Hindi is a schwa. In certain contexts, such as at the end of words, there is no vowel, a phenomenon called the schwa syncope. [1] Other vowels are written with a diacritic on the consonant letter.
To indicate that a consonant is not followed by a vowel (as when followed by another consonant, or at the end of a syllable), a halant (vowel-cancelling) prefix is used: ⠈ ⠅ (∅–K) is क् k, and ⠈ ⠹ (∅–TH) is थ् th. (When writing in Hindi, the halant is generally omitted at the end of a word, following the convention in ...