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Socket preservation or alveolar ridge preservation is a procedure to reduce bone loss after tooth extraction. [1] [2] After tooth extraction, the jaw bone has a natural tendency to become narrow, and lose its original shape because the bone quickly resorbs, resulting in 30–60% loss in bone volume in the first six months. [3]
In 1853: Willard described the procedure of contouring the alveolar bone and alveolar mucosa in order to achieve primary wound closure in preparation for future denture placement. His statement mentioned the purpose of this procedure is to allow bone and tissue of patient to heal faster.
The alveolar process is also called the alveolar bone or alveolar ridge. [3] In phonetics , the term refers more specifically to the ridges on the inside of the mouth which can be felt with the tongue , either on roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth.
Socket preservation or alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) [1] is a procedure to reduce bone loss after tooth extraction to preserve the dental alveolus (tooth socket) in the alveolar bone. A platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) [ 2 ] membrane containing bone growth enhancing elements can be stitched over the wound or a graft material or scaffold is placed ...
This reduction in bone loss enables increased stability and retention of the overdenture which has psychological and functional advantages for the patient. [19] Preservation of the alveolar ridge, especially with a lower prosthesis may improve patients comfort, chewing, phonetics and aesthetics allowing a better quality of life.
The patient must have sufficient maintenance of alveolar bone structure and minimise alveolar bone loss. For example, the removal of teeth results in accelerated loss of facial bone with the alveolar bone receding, resorbing and then disappearing. In the span of 2–3 years, patients can experience 40-60% of alveolar bone loss.
Chronic periodontitis is initiated by Gram-negative tooth-associated microbial biofilms that elicit a host response, which results in bone and soft tissue destruction. In response to endotoxin derived from periodontal pathogens, several osteoclast-related mediators target the destruction of alveolar bone and supporting connective tissue such as the periodontal ligament.
Untreated, these diseases can lead to alveolar bone loss and tooth loss. As of 2013, periodontal disease accounted for 70.8% of teeth lost in patients with the disease in South Korea. [12] Periodontal disease is the second most common cause of tooth loss (second to dental caries) in Scotland. [13]