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  2. Distilled water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distilled_water

    The drinking of distilled water as a replacement for drinking water has been both advocated and discouraged for health reasons. Distilled water lacks minerals and ions, such as calcium, that play key roles in biological functions, such as in nervous system homeostasis, and are normally found in potable water. The lack of naturally occurring ...

  3. Desalination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desalination

    These structures can have the same impacts on the environment as desalination facility intakes. According to EPA, water intake structures cause adverse environmental impact by sucking fish and shellfish or their eggs into an industrial system. There, the organisms may be killed or injured by heat, physical stress, or chemicals.

  4. Artificial seawater - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Seawater

    The tables below present an example of an artificial seawater (35.00‰ of salinity) preparation devised by Kester, Duedall, Connors and Pytkowicz (1967). [1] The recipe consists of two lists of mineral salts, the first of anhydrous salts that can be weighed out, the second of hydrous salts that should be added to the artificial seawater as a solution.

  5. Reverse osmosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis

    The water is distilled multiple times to ensure that it does not leave deposits on the machinery or cause corrosion. RO is used to clean effluent and brackish groundwater . The effluent in larger volumes (more than 500 m 3 /day) is treated in a water treatment plant first, and then the effluent runs through RO.

  6. Offshore aquaculture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offshore_aquaculture

    Offshore aquaculture, also known as open water aquaculture or open ocean aquaculture, is an emerging approach to mariculture (seawater aquafarming) where fish farms are positioned in deeper and less sheltered waters some distance away from the coast, where the cultivated fish stocks are exposed to more naturalistic living conditions with ...

  7. Evaporator (marine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporator_(marine)

    This steam evaporator aboard HMS Belfast distilled up to six tons of fresh water per hour for the boiler and for drinking. An evaporator, distiller or distilling apparatus is a piece of ship's equipment used to produce fresh drinking water from sea water by distillation. As fresh water is bulky, may spoil in storage, and is an essential supply ...

  8. Fish gill - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_gill

    Other than respiration, these filaments have other functions including the exchange of ions, water, acids, and ammonia. [1] [2] Fish respire by pulling oxygen-rich water through their mouths and pumping it over their gills. Within the gill filaments, capillary blood flows in the opposite direction to the water, causing countercurrent exchange ...

  9. Recirculating aquaculture system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recirculating_aquaculture...

    All fish species have a preferred temperature above and below which that fish will experience negative health effects and eventually death. Warm water species such as Tilapia and Barramundi prefer 24 °C water or warmer, where as cold water species such as trout and salmon prefer water temperature below 16 °C. Temperature also plays an ...