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The latter include abiotic and biotic factors. Abiotic factors such as temperature or light conditions have dramatic effects on animals, especially if they are ectothermic or nocturnal. Biotic factors include members of the same species (e.g. sexual behavior), predators (fight or flight), or parasites and diseases. [12]
The wildlife trade has had a detrimental effect on Indonesia's fauna, including rhinoceroses, orangutans, tigers, elephants, and certain species of amphibians. [30] Up to 95% of animals sold in markets are taken directly from the wild, rather than from captive breeding stock; and more than 20% of the animals died in transportation. [31]
Although disagreement exists as to how to precisely define behavior in a biological context, one common interpretation based on a meta-analysis of scientific literature states that "behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli".
Animal communication is a rapidly growing area of study in disciplines including animal behavior, sociology, neurology, and animal cognition. Many aspects of animal behavior, such as symbolic name use, emotional expression, learning, and sexual behavior , are being understood in new ways.
The plan was said to include shipping the animals to several other countries in Southeast Asia through Singapore. It was hoped that the animals could be sold for up to 500 million rupiah (around US$35,000) each. [86] It was believed that the Komodo dragons had been smuggled out of East Nusa Tenggara province through the port at Ende in central ...
Indonesia's animal welfare organizations include the Bali Street Dog Foundation, which works to address the stray dog problem in Bali by providing sterilization, treating street dogs for disease, training veterinarians, and teaching "Kindness Clubs" in grade schools; [9] Jakarta Animal Aid Network, which engages in pet adoption, sterilization ...
Furthermore, animal behavior is also influenced by evolved predispositions, or genetics. It is very possible that " correlation between distance between sites and 'cultural difference' might reflect the well-established correlation between genetic and geographical distances". [ 14 ]
Behavioral ecology, also spelled behavioural ecology, is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behaviors: What are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of a behavior?