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MAC service data unit (media access control service data unit, MSDU) is the service data unit in the IEEE 802 reference model of network architecture. This data unit is exchanged at the interface between the media access control (MAC) sub-layer and the layer immediately above it, typically the (optional) logical link control (LLC) sub-layer.
Note: Wait for 20 seconds, and then turn on the computer. 2. On the keyboard, hold down the Command and Option keys, and then tap the esc key. In the Force Quit Applications window, click any program other than Finder to highlight it, and then click Force Quit. 3.
The Line Printer Daemon protocol/Line Printer Remote protocol (or LPD, LPR) is a network printing protocol for submitting print jobs to a remote printer. The original implementation of LPD was in the Berkeley printing system in the BSD UNIX operating system; the LPRng project also supports that protocol.
During the POST, the BIOS must integrate multiple competing, changing, and even mutually exclusive standards and initiatives for the matrix of hardware and operating systems the PC is expected to support, although at most only simple memory tests and the setup screen are displayed.
The Printer Setup Utility was an application that served to allow the user to configure printers physically connected to the computer, or connected via a network. The Utility provided more specific tools than the more user friendly printers pane in System Preferences .
A network operating system (NOS) is a specialized operating system for a network device such as a router, switch or firewall.. Historically operating systems with networking capabilities were described as network operating systems, because they allowed personal computers (PCs) to participate in computer networks and shared file and printer access within a local area network (LAN).
Service access points are also used in IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control in Ethernet and similar data link layer protocols. When using the OSI Network system ( CONS or CLNS ), the base for constructing an address for a network element is an NSAP address , similar in concept to an IP address .
NetWare [2] is a discontinued computer network operating system developed by Novell, Inc. It initially used cooperative multitasking to run various services on a personal computer, using the IPX network protocol. The final update release was version 6.5SP8 in May 2009, [3] and it has since been replaced by Open Enterprise Server. [4]