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An early spinning mule: showing the gearing in the headstock. Samuel Crompton invented the spinning mule in 1779, so called because it is a hybrid of Arkwright's water frame and James Hargreaves's spinning jenny in the same way that a mule is the product of crossbreeding a female horse with a male donkey.
The spinning mule became self-acting (automatic) in 1830s. The mule was the most common spinning machine from 1790 until about 1900, but was still used for fine yarns until the 1960s. A cotton mill in 1890 would contain over 60 mules, each with 1320 spindles. [8]
The Spinning Wheel is also the title/subject of a classic Irish folk song by John Francis Waller. [51] [52] A traditional Irish folk song, Túirne Mháire, is generally sung in praise of the spinning wheel, [53] but was regarded by Mrs Costelloe, who collected it, [54] as "much corrupted", and may have had a darker narrative. It is widely ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 12 February 2025. Multi-spool spinning frame Model of spinning jenny in the Museum of Early Industrialisation, Wuppertal, Germany. The spinning jenny is a multi- spindle spinning frame, and was one of the key developments in the industrialisation of textile manufacturing during the early Industrial ...
A worker spinning cotton at a hand-powered spinning wheel in the 18th century would take more than 50,000 hours to spin 100 lb of cotton; by the 1790s, the same quantity could be spun in 300 hours by mule, and with a self-acting mule it could be spun by one worker in just 135 hours. [20]
A spindle is also part of traditional spinning wheels where it is horizontal, such as the Indian charkha and the great or walking wheel. In industrial yarn production, spindles are used as well; see spinning jenny, spinning mule and ring spinning.
Mule spinning produces a finer thread than ring spinning. [7] Spinning by the mule machine is an intermittent process as the frame advances and returns. It is the descendant of a device invented in 1779 by Samuel Crompton , and produces a softer, less twisted thread that is favored for fines and for weft .
About 1779, Samuel Crompton succeeded in producing a mule-jenny, a machine which spun yarn suitable for use in the manufacture of muslin. [6] It was known as the muslin wheel or the Hall i' th' Woodwheel, [7] from the name of the house in which he and his family now lived. [8] The mule-jenny later became known as the spinning mule.
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