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Lolium perenne, common name perennial ryegrass, [1] English ryegrass, winter ryegrass, or ray grass, is a grass from the family Poaceae. It is native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, but is widely cultivated and naturalised around the world.
Lolium multiflorum (Italian rye-grass, [2] annual ryegrass) is a ryegrass native to temperate Europe, though its precise native range is unknown. [3] It is a herbaceous annual, biennial, or perennial grass that is grown for silage, and as a cover crop. [4] [5] It is also grown as an ornamental grass.
[2] [3] It is often called ryegrass, but this term is sometimes used to refer to grasses in other genera. They are characterized by bunch-like growth habits. Lolium is native to Europe , Asia and northern Africa , as well as being cultivated and naturalized in Australia , the Americas , and various oceanic islands.
In 1857 an American agriculturist John Hancock Klippart, Secretary of the Ohio Board of Agriculture, reported the importance and effect of winter temperature on the germination of wheat. One of the most significant works was by a German plant physiologist Gustav Gassner who made a detailed discussion in his 1918 paper.
Leymus chinensis shows 47% germination under variable temperatures ranging from 10 to 30 °C. De-husking (removing outer-covering of seeds) at constant temperature was shown to also improve germination. [3] The effects of light have had an interesting effect on the germination of Leymus chinensis. The plants were assessed according to three ...
Growing degrees (GDs) is defined as the number of temperature degrees above a certain threshold base temperature, which varies among crop species. The base temperature is that temperature below which plant growth is zero. GDs are calculated each day as maximum temperature plus the minimum temperature divided by 2, minus the base temperature.
The chilling requirement of a fruit is the minimum period of cold weather after which a fruit-bearing tree will blossom.It is often expressed in chill hours, which can be calculated in different ways, all of which essentially involve adding up the total amount of time in a winter spent at certain temperatures.
Inflorecence scheme and floral diagram. 1 – glume, 2 – lemma, 3 – awn, 4 – palea, 5 – lodicules, 6 – stamens, 7 – ovary, 8 – styles. Flowers of Poaceae are characteristically arranged in spikelets, each having one or more florets. [8]: 12 The spikelets are further grouped into panicles or spikes. The part of the spikelet that ...