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The following are nominal current ratings for copper conductors; long runs may require thicker wires to minimize voltage drop. White: 14 AWG wire (2.08 mm 2) for 15-amp circuits Yellow: 12 AWG wire (3.31 mm 2) for 20-amp circuits Orange: 10 AWG wire (5.26 mm 2) for 30-amp circuits
A lower rating will apply if multiple conductors are in proximity, since each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of external cooling of the conductors. Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75, and 90 °C, often with an ambient air ...
12/2 Non-metallic (NM) sheathed cable. Most circuits in the modern North American home and light commercial construction are wired with non-metallic sheathed (NM) cable designated type. [9] This type of cable is the least expensive for a given size and is appropriate for dry indoor applications.
Sometime around 1913, several copper samples from 14 important refiners and wire manufacturers were analyzed by the U.S. Bureau of Standards. The average resistance of the samples was determined to be 0.15292 Ω for copper wires with a mass of 1 gram of uniform cross section and 1 meter in length at 20 °C. In the United States this is usually ...
Metric threaded rods are marked on the end with a color code to define the ISO strength class. The color codes are: [9] Unmarked — 4.6 class (tensile strength = 400 N/mm 2, yield strength 240 N/mm 2) Yellow — 8.8 class (800 N/mm 2, 640 N/mm 2) Green — A2 stainless steel (304) Red — A4 stainless steel (316) White — 10.9 class (1000 N ...
Stranded copper wire Stranded wire is composed of a number of small wires bundled or wrapped together to form a larger conductor. Stranded wire is more flexible than solid wire of the same total cross-sectional area.
Comparison of SWG (red), AWG (blue) and IEC 60228 (black) wire gauge sizes from 0.03 to 200 mm² to scale on a 1 mm grid – in the SVG file, hover over a size to highlight it. In engineering applications, it is often most convenient to describe a wire in terms of its cross-section area, rather than its diameter, because the cross section is directly proportional to its strength and weight ...
Modern two or three-wire+ground PVC-insulated cable (e.g., NM-B), produced by such brands as Romex [citation needed] Aluminum wire was used in the 1960s and 1970s as a cheap replacement for copper and is still used today, but this is now considered [by whom?] unsafe, without proper installation, due to corrosion, softness and creeping of ...