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The restriction modification system (RM system) is found in bacteria and archaea, and provides a defense against foreign DNA, such as that borne by bacteriophages.. Bacteria have restriction enzymes, also called restriction endonucleases, which cleave double-stranded DNA at specific points into fragments, which are then degraded further by other endonucleases.
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A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is a special type of biological macromolecule that functions as part of the "immune system" in bacteria.One special kind of restriction enzymes is the class of "homing endonucleases", these being present in all three domains of life, although their function seems to be very different from one domain to another.
Isoschizomers are pairs of restriction enzymes specific to the same recognition sequence.For example, SphI (CGTAC/G) and BbuI (CGTAC/G) are isoschizomers of each other. The first enzyme discovered which recognizes a given sequence is known as the prototype; all subsequently identified enzymes that recognize that sequence are isoschizomers.
A restriction enzyme, restriction endonuclease, REase, ENase or restrictase is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within molecules known as restriction sites. [1] [2] [3] Restriction enzymes are one class of the broader endonuclease group of enzymes.
Type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease (EC 3.1.21.5, type III restriction enzyme, restriction-modification system) is an enzyme. [1] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction Endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'- phosphates
DNA adenine methylase, (Dam) [1] (also site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific), EC 2.1.1.72, modification methylase, restriction-modification system) is an enzyme that adds a methyl group to the adenine of the sequence 5'-GATC-3' in newly synthesized DNA.
In molecular biology, XhoI is a type II restriction enzymes that recognise the double-stranded DNA sequence CTCGAG and cleaves after C-1. [1] Type II restriction endonucleases are components of prokaryotic DNA restriction-modification mechanisms that protect the organism against invading foreign DNA.