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An aquastat is a device used in hydronic heating systems for controlling water temperature. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] To prevent the boiler from firing too frequently, aquastats have a high limit temperature and a low limit.
Where hot-water space heating boilers are installed, domestic hot water cylinders are usually heated indirectly by primary water from the boiler, or by an electric immersion heater (often as backup to the boiler). In the UK these vessels are called indirect cylinders and direct cylinders, respectively. Additionally, if these cylinders form part ...
In general, valves nearest to the boiler should vent the slowest, and valves furthest from the boiler should vent the fastest. [ citation needed ] Ideally, steam should reach each valve and close each and every valve at the same time, so that the system can work at maximal efficiency; this condition is known as a "balanced" system.
Nov. 21—The replacement of mechanical systems at three schools in the district is estimated to cost about $3.96 million, engineers with ISG Inc. presented to the Albert Lea school board Monday.
Startup costs: Beyond the 2x-4x larger initial purchase price (as compared to a tanked water heater), installing a tankless system comes at an increased cost, particularly in retrofit applications. They tend to be particularly expensive in areas such as the US where they are not dominant, compared to the established tank design.
However, as of 2006, at UK prices the extra cost of installing a condensing instead of conventional boiler should be recovered in around two to five years through lower fuel use (for verification, see the following three documents published by the Building Research Establishment: Information Papers 10-88 and 19-94; General Information Leaflet ...
Hydronic balancing. Hydronic balancing, also called hydraulic balancing, is the process of optimizing the distribution of water in a building's hydronic heating or cooling system by equalizing the system pressure.
In some areas electrical resistance heating is used, especially where the cost of electricity is low or the primary purpose is for air conditioning. Modern high-efficiency furnaces can be up to 98% efficient and operate without a chimney, with a typical gas furnace being about 80% efficient. [ 1 ]