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Gelisols are an order in USDA soil taxonomy. They are soils of very cold climates which are defined as containing permafrost within two meters (6 ft 7 in) of the soil surface. The word "Gelisol" comes from the Latin gelare meaning "to freeze", a reference to the process of cryoturbation that occurs from the alternating thawing and freezing ...
USDA soil taxonomy (ST) developed by the United States Department of Agriculture and the National Cooperative Soil Survey provides an elaborate classification of soil types according to several parameters (most commonly their properties) and in several levels: Order, Suborder, Great Group, Subgroup, Family, and Series.
Distribution of Gleysols. A gleysol or gley soil is a hydric soil that unless drained is saturated with groundwater for long enough to develop a characteristic gleyic colour pattern.
In the US, Gelisols occur only in parts of Alaska; they are characterized by having permafrost within 100 cm of the surface. Histosols are organic soils lacking permafrost within 100 cm of the surface; they are characteristically formed on wet sites, e.g. bogs, some fens and some muskeg areas. Some Histosols have been drained, especially to ...
Like Gelisols, Histosols have greatly restricted use for civil engineering purposes because heavy structures tend to subside in the wet soil. In USDA soil taxonomy, Histosols are subdivided into: Folists – Histosols that are not saturated with water for long periods of time during the year.
Unweatherable parent materials – sand, iron oxide, aluminium oxide, kaolinite clay. Erosion – common on shoulder slopes; other kinds also important.; Deposition – continuous, repeated deposition of new parent materials by flood as diluvium, aeolian processes which means by wind, slope processes as colluvium, mudflows, other means.
If the tephras are more basic or the climate is dry, amorphous colloidal materials, including allophane and imogolite develop, and the Andosols are given the Silandic qualifier. [5] In both cases, they contain many ferrihydrite and have a bulk density ≤ 0.9 kg/dm 3 . [ 6 ]
Expansive clay is a clay soil that is prone to large volume changes (swelling and shrinking) that are directly related to changes in water content. [1] Soils with a high content of expansive minerals can form deep cracks in drier seasons or years; such soils are called vertisols.