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The test is computer-based and is designed to reflect international English for academic admission into any university requiring English proficiency. TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication), an Educational Testing Service product for Business English used by 10,000 organizations in 120 countries. Includes a listening and reading ...
The following languages are listed as having at least 50 million first-language speakers in the 27th edition of Ethnologue published in 2024. [7] This section does not include entries that Ethnologue identifies as macrolanguages encompassing all their respective varieties , such as Arabic , Lahnda , Persian , Malay , Pashto , and Chinese .
concerned primarily with an ideal speaker-listener, in a completely homogeneous speech-community, who knows its language perfectly and is unaffected by such grammatically irrelevant conditions as memory limitations, distractions, shifts of attention and interest, and errors (random or characteristic) in applying his knowledge of the language in ...
Most English speakers around the world can understand radio programmes, television programmes, and films from many parts of the English-speaking world. [102] Both standard and non-standard varieties of English can include both formal or informal styles, distinguished by word choice and syntax and use both technical and non-technical registers.
This is a list of languages by total number of speakers. It is difficult to define what constitutes a language as opposed to a dialect . For example, Chinese and Arabic are sometimes considered single languages, but each includes several mutually unintelligible varieties , and so they are sometimes considered language families instead.
Agencies are increasingly used to send English speakers to kindergartens, primary schools, and private companies whose employees need to improve their business English. The Japan Association for Language Teaching (JALT) is the largest nonprofit organization for language teachers (mainly native English speakers), with nearly 3,000 members. [53]
In Chinese rhetoric, the speaker does not focus on individual credibility, like Western rhetoric. Instead, the speaker focuses on collectivism [20] by sharing personal experiences and establishing a connection between the speaker's concern and the audience's interest. [20] Chinese rhetoric analyzes public speakers based on three standards: [20]
The word "semi-speaker" was introduced by linguist Nancy Dorian in describing the last speakers of the East Sutherland dialect of Scottish Gaelic. [2] [1] When semi-speakers form a significant part of the speech community, language contraction often ensues, as the linguistic norms are accommodated to speakers' competences. [9] [10]