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Microbial toxins are toxins produced by micro-organisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, dinoflagellates, and viruses.Many microbial toxins promote infection and disease by directly damaging host tissues and by disabling the immune system.
In clinical medicine, antibiotics are most frequently prescribed on the basis of a person's symptoms and medical guidelines. This method of antibiotic selection is called empiric therapy , [ 1 ] and it is based on knowledge about what bacteria cause an infection, and to what antibiotics bacteria may be sensitive or resistant. [ 1 ]
Medical microbiology, the large subset of microbiology that is applied to medicine, is a branch of medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. In addition, this field of science studies various clinical applications of microbes for the improvement of health.
Bergey's Manual Trust was established in 1936 to sustain the publication of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology and supplementary reference works. The Trust also recognizes individuals who have made outstanding contributions to bacterial taxonomy by presentation of the Bergey Award and Bergey Medal, jointly supported by funds from the Trust and from Springer, the publishers of the ...
In microbiology, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration of a chemical, usually a drug, which prevents visible in vitro growth of bacteria or fungi. [1] [2] MIC testing is performed in both diagnostic [1] [2] and drug discovery laboratories. [3] [4]
Sherris Medical Microbiology: An Introduction to Infectious Diseases (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-8385-8529-0. LCCN 2003054180. OCLC 52358530. Kato, Gregory J.; Steinberg, Martin H.; Gladwin, Mark T. (2017-03-01). "Intravascular hemolysis and the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease". Journal of Clinical Investigation.
Gram staining is almost always the first step in the identification of a bacterial group. While Gram staining is a valuable diagnostic tool in both clinical and research settings, not all bacteria can be definitively classified by this technique. This gives rise to gram-variable and gram-indeterminate groups.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering management of patients and the prevention of infectious diseases including research in clinical microbiology, infectious diseases, bacteriology, mycology, virology, and parasitology, including immunology and epidemiology as related to these fields.