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In projectile motion, the horizontal motion and the vertical motion are independent of each other; that is, neither motion affects the other. This is the principle of compound motion established by Galileo in 1638, [ 1 ] and used by him to prove the parabolic form of projectile motion.
The surface of the projectile also must be considered: a smooth projectile will face less air resistance than a rough-surfaced one, and irregularities on the surface of a projectile may change its trajectory if they create more drag on one side of the projectile than on the other. However, certain irregularities such as dimples on a golf ball ...
Torricelli's law is obtained as a special case when the opening is very small relative to the horizontal cross-section of the container : v A = 2 g h . {\displaystyle v_{A}={\sqrt {2gh}}.} [ 1 ] Torricelli's law can only be applied when viscous effects can be neglected which is the case for water flowing out through orifices in vessels.
A projectile following a ballistic trajectory has both forward and vertical motion. Forward motion is slowed due to air resistance, and in point mass modeling the vertical motion is dependent on a combination of the elevation angle and gravity. Initially, the projectile is rising with respect to the line of sight or the horizontal sighting plane.
A projectile is any object projected into space (empty or not) by the exertion of a force. Although any object in motion through space (for example a thrown baseball) is a projectile, the term most commonly refers to a weapon. [8] [9] Mathematical equations of motion are used to analyze projectile trajectory. [citation needed]
The analysis of projectile motion is a part of classical mechanics. For simplicity, classical mechanics often models real-world objects as point particles, that is, objects with negligible size. The motion of a point particle is determined by a small number of parameters: its position, mass, and the forces applied to it. Classical mechanics ...
In projectile motion the most important force applied to the ‘projectile’ is the propelling force, in this case the propelling forces are the muscles that act upon the ball to make it move, and the stronger the force applied, the more propelling force, which means the projectile (the ball) will travel farther. See pitching, bowling.
Interior ballistics can be considered in three time periods: [4] Lock time - the time from sear release until the primer is struck; Ignition time - the time from when the primer is struck until the projectile starts to move; Barrel time - the time from when the projectile starts to move until it exits the barrel. Diagram of internal ballistic ...