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The Metis buffalo hunts were held at two times during a year by the Métis of the Red River settlements during the North American fur trade. The buffalo hunt out of Red River region had three major parties: the Pembina Métis, the Métis of St. Boniface, also known as the Main River party, and the St. Francois Xavier Métis. [11]
The Battle of Grand Coteau, or the Battle of Grand Coteau du Missouri, was fought between Métis buffalo hunters of Red River and the Sioux in what is now North Dakota between July 13 and 14, 1851. The Métis won the battle, the last major one between the two groups. [1] The buffalo hunt was a yearly event for the Métis of the Red River Colony.
The 300-kilometre (190 mi) Swift Current–Battleford Trail was an important late-19th century transportation and communications link between settlements of Swift Current and Battleford – the result of a brisk trade, in buffalo bones which resulted heavy traffic between the two regions.
Jean Baptiste Wilkie (c. 1803–1886) was a Métis warrior, buffalo hunter and chief from the area of Pembina, North Dakota. Wilkie's father, Alexander, was of Scottish origin and his mother was a Chippewa named Mezhekamkijkok. In the mid-1820s, he operated a horse ranch on the Red River in an area now known as St. Vital, Manitoba. During this ...
The buffalo were declining in number, and the Métis and First Nations had to go farther and further west to hunt them. [80] Profits from the fur trade were declining because of a reduction in European demand due to changing tastes, as well as the need for the Hudson's Bay Company to extend its reach farther from its main posts to get furs.
The culture and lifestyle of the Metis community living in Red River were not only present at the colony. Metis people had a long-lasting tradition of a semi-annual, commercial, buffalo hunt that took place throughout the prairies starting in the mid-1700s with the western fur trade. [28]
Gabriel Dumont was the leader of the buffalo hunt for his group of 200 hunters living in the Southbranch settlements from 1863 to the end of the Métis buffalo hunts in about 1875. [3] In 1873 the Southbranch settlements organized a form of local government, under Gabriel Dumont, based on the laws of the buffalo hunt.
In 1851, Father Louis-François Richer Laflèche accompanied the Métis buffalo hunters from the Parish of St. François Xavier on one of their annual hunts on the prairies. The hunting group, led by Jean Baptiste Falcon, son of Pierre Falcon (a Métis songwriter), [ 6 ] was made up of 67 men, a number of women who came to prepare the meat ...