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Competition among members of the same species is known as intraspecific competition, while competition between individuals of different species is known as interspecific competition. According to the competitive exclusion principle , species less suited to compete for resources must either adapt or die out , although competitive exclusion is ...
Subadult male lion and female spotted hyena in the Masai Mara.The two species share the same ecological niche, and are thus in competition with each other. Interspecific competition, in ecology, is a form of competition in which individuals of different species compete for the same resources in an ecosystem (e.g. food or living space).
An example of direct competition. Intraspecific competition is an interaction in population ecology , whereby members of the same species compete for limited resources. This leads to a reduction in fitness for both individuals, but the more fit individual survives and is able to reproduce. [ 1 ]
Competition is often for a resource such as food, water, or territory in limited supply, or for access to females for reproduction. [18] Competition among members of the same species is known as intraspecific competition, while competition between individuals of different species is known as interspecific competition.
The competition-colonization trade-off theory has primarily been used to examine and describe the dispersal-linked traits of a plant's seeds. [7] Seed size is a primary feature that relates to a species ability to colonize or compete within a given population, the effect of seed size was displayed in dicotyledonous annual plants. [8]
Mutualism involves a close, mutually beneficial interaction between two different biological species, whereas "cooperation" is a more general term that can involve looser interactions and can be interspecific (between species) or intraspecific (within a species).
The best-known example is the so-called "paradox of the plankton". [6] All plankton species live on a very limited number of resources, primarily solar energy and minerals dissolved in the water. According to the competitive exclusion principle, only a small number of plankton species should be able to coexist on these resources.
Equalizing mechanisms affect interspecific competition (the competition between individuals of different species). For example, when multiple species compete for the same resource, competitive ability is determined by the minimum level of resources a species needs to maintain itself (known as an R*, or equilibrium resource density). [2]