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This inhibits the synthesis of pro-inflammatory factors that induce asthma attacks and exacerbations, achieving anti-inflammatory effects. [19] For asthma maintenance therapy, methylxanthines are taken orally. [2] Therapeutic drug monitoring is required for patients on methylxanthines as the therapeutic range is narrow.
Theophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a drug that inhibits phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine receptors. [1] It is used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. [2] Its pharmacology is similar to other methylxanthine drugs (e.g., theobromine and caffeine). [1]
Xanthine (/ ˈ z æ n θ iː n / or / ˈ z æ n θ aɪ n /, from Ancient Greek ξανθός xanthós ' yellow ' for its yellowish-white appearance; archaically xanthic acid; systematic name 3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione) is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids, as well as in other organisms. [2]
Treatment for exercise-induced asthma is similar to other forms of the condition; the main difference is that you will take your medication before exercising as a preventive measure.
IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine), used as investigative tool in pharmacological research; paraxanthine; pentoxifylline, a drug that has the potential to enhance circulation and may have applicability in treatment of diabetes, fibrotic disorders, peripheral nerve damage, and microvascular injuries [7] theobromine; theophylline, a bronchodilator
Methylxanthines are chemical compounds which are derivatives of xanthine with one or more methyl groups, including: One methyl group: 1-Methylxanthine; 3-Methylxanthine; 7-Methylxanthine; Two methyl groups: Theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) Paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine) Theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine) Three methyl groups:
Doxofylline (also known as doxophylline) is a phosphodiesterase inhibiting bronchodilator used in the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma [1] and COPD. [2] Like theophylline, it is a xanthine derivative. [3] [4]
An adenosine receptor antagonist is a drug which acts as an antagonist of one or more of the adenosine receptors. [1] The best known are xanthines and their derivatives (natural: caffeine, [2] theophylline, [3] and theobromine; and synthetic: PSB-1901 [4]), but there are also non-xanthine representatives (e.g. ISAM-140, [5] ISAM-R316, [6] etrumadenant, [7] and AZD-4635 [8])