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Someone who is unable to speak due to a speech disorder is considered mute. [2] Speech skills are vital to social relationships and learning, and delays or disorders that relate to developing these skills can impact individuals function. [3] For many children and adolescents, this can present as issues with academics. [4]
In human development, muteness or mutism [1] is defined as an absence of speech, with or without an ability to hear the speech of others. [2] Mutism is typically understood as a person's inability to speak, and commonly observed by their family members, caregivers, teachers, doctors or speech and language pathologists.
Many children or adults with selective mutism have some auditory processing difficulties. About 20–30% of children or adults with selective mutism have speech or language disorders that add stress to situations in which the child is expected to speak. [19] In the DSM-4, the term “elective mutism” was changed to “selective mutism.”
McNeill, Gillon, & Dodd studied 12 children ages 4–7 with DVD/CAS who were treated with this approach two times a week for two six-week blocks of time (separated by a six-week withdrawal block). They found positive effects for most of the children in the areas of speech production , phonological awareness , word decoding, letter knowledge ...
Developmental verbal dyspraxia (DVD), also known as childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and developmental apraxia of speech (DAS), [3] [4] is an inability to utilize motor planning to perform movements necessary for speech during a child's language learning process. Although the causes differ between AOS and DVD, the main characteristics and ...
Children that continue to exaggerate the tongue movement may incorrectly produce speech sounds, such as /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, and /dʒ/. For example, the word, "some," might be pronounced as "thumb". [3] The treatment of OMD will be based upon the professional's evaluation. [7] Each child will present a unique oral posture that must be corrected.
Verbal auditory agnosia is a very rare form of language impairment, in which the child appears unable to make sense of speech sounds. It typically occurs as a symptom of Landau-Kleffner syndrome , in which case a diagnosis of SLI would not be appropriate, as there is a known neurological origin of the language difficulties.
Other conditions, as specified in the Cincinnati Children's Health Library (2019), that may increase the risk of developing a communication disorder include: [6] Cleft lip or cleft palate – a disorder that is caused by the failure of the parts of the mouth and palate to form together while a fetus is developing in the womb, which then creates ...