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Germany is a two-party consent jurisdiction—telephone recording without the consent of the two or, when applicable, more, parties is a criminal offence according to § 201 of the German Criminal Code [9] —violation of the confidentiality of the spoken word. Telephone tapping by authorities has to be approved by a judge.
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In one of the odd provisions of the Texas Government Code, there is no requirement that a municipal judge be an attorney if the municipal court is not a court of record (Chapter 29, Section 29.004), but the municipal judge must be a licensed attorney with at least two years experience in practicing Texas law if the municipal court is a court of ...
Two appellate courts and six district courts participated in 1991–1994, and fourteen district courts participated in 2011–2015. As of 2023, the three district courts in the Ninth Circuit are continuing the pilot program. Recording requires the approval of the presiding judge and the consent of the parties. [16] [17]
The legality of recording by civilians refers to laws regarding the recording of other persons and property by civilians through the means of still photography, videography, and audio recording in various locations. Although it is common for the recording of public property, persons within the public domain, and of private property visible or ...
A court of record is a trial court or appellate court in which a record of the proceedings is captured and preserved, for the possibility of appeal. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] A court clerk or a court reporter takes down a record of oral proceedings. [ 4 ]
The Texas legal system is based on common law, which is interpreted by case law through the decisions of the Supreme Court, the Court of Criminal Appeals, and the Courts of Appeals, which are published in the Texas Cases and South Western Reporter. Counties and municipal governments may also promulgate local ordinances.
The Texas District Courts form part of the Texas judicial system and are the trial courts of general jurisdiction of Texas. As of January 2019, 472 district courts serve the state, each with a single judge, elected by partisan election to a four-year term.