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  2. Liar paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liar_paradox

    If the liar is indeed lying, then the liar is telling the truth, which means the liar just lied. In "this sentence is a lie", the paradox is strengthened in order to make it amenable to more rigorous logical analysis. It is still generally called the "liar paradox" although abstraction is made precisely from the liar making the statement.

  3. Lie - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie

    A blue lie is a form of lying that is told purportedly to benefit a collective or "in the name of the collective good". The origin of the term "blue lie" is possibly from cases where police officers made false statements to protect the police force, or to ensure the success of a legal case against an accused. [11]

  4. False statement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_statement

    A false statement, also known as a falsehood, falsity, misstatement or untruth, is a statement that is false or does not align with reality.This concept spans various fields, including communication, law, linguistics, and philosophy.

  5. False or misleading statements by Donald Trump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading...

    For example, on August 29, 2022, he demanded on Truth Social that the nation "declare the rightful winner or ... have a new Election, immediately!" [ 415 ] In October 2022, a U.S. District Court Judge ruled that Trump and allies participated in a " knowing misrepresentation of voter fraud numbers in Georgia when seeking to overturn the election ...

  6. Illusory truth effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illusory_truth_effect

    At first, the illusory truth effect was believed to occur only when individuals are highly uncertain about a given statement. [1] Psychologists also assumed that "outlandish" headlines wouldn't produce this effect however, recent research shows the illusory truth effect is indeed at play with false news. [5]

  7. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    For example, oxygen is necessary for fire. But one cannot assume that everywhere there is oxygen, there is fire. A condition X is sufficient for Y if X, by itself, is enough to bring about Y. For example, riding the bus is a sufficient mode of transportation to get to work.

  8. Terminological inexactitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminological_inexactitude

    It is used as a euphemism or circumlocution meaning a lie, an untruth, or a substantially correct but technically inaccurate statement. Churchill first used the phrase following the 1906 election . Speaking in the House of Commons on 22 February 1906 as Under-Secretary of the Colonial Office , he had occasion to repeat what he had said during ...

  9. Perjury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjury

    An example is the US income tax return, which, by law, must be signed as true and correct under penalty of perjury (see 26 U.S.C. § 6065). Federal tax law provides criminal penalties of up to three years in prison for violation of the tax return perjury statute.