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Pelvic spurs (also known as vestigial legs) are external protrusions found around the cloaca in certain superfamilies of snakes belonging to the greater infraorder Alethinophidia. [1] These spurs are made up of the remnants of the femur bone, which is then covered by a corneal spur, or claw-like structure. [ 1 ]
Snakes found with a similar profile generally preyed upon dormant animals such as skinks. [49] The eastern brown snake is the second-most commonly reported species responsible for envenoming of dogs in New South Wales. [80] Dogs and cats are much more likely than people to have neurotoxic symptoms such as weakness or paralysis.
Hypsiglena is a genus of small, rear-fanged snakes, commonly referred to as night snakes, in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae. The genus consists of nine species . Three of these species have subspecies , which have been maintained pending further investigation.
The brown tree snake is a nocturnal and arboreal species that uses both visual and chemical cues when hunting, either in the rainforest canopy or on the ground. [3] It is a member of the subfamily Colubrinae, genus Boiga, which is a group of roughly twenty-five species that are referred to as "cat-eyed" snakes for their vertical pupils. [4]
The hemipenis is the intromittent organ of Squamata, [4] which is the second largest order of vertebrates with over 9,000 species distributed around the world. They differ from the intromittent organs of most other amniotes such as mammals, archosaurs and turtles that have a single genital tubercle, as squamates have the paired genitalia remaining separate. [5]
Hypsiglena torquata, the night snake, is a species of rear-fanged colubrid. It is found from Mexico , through much of the eastern United States and south central British Columbia , Canada [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It is characterized by dark brown systematic blotches down its back and sides, a bar behind each eye, vertical pupils, and neck adornment.
The head and tail are superficially similar as the head and neck are indistinct. Unlike other snakes, the head scales resemble the body scales. The eyes are barely discernible as small dots under the head scales. The tip of the tail has a small, pointed spur. Along the body are fourteen rows of dorsal scales. Coloration ranges from charcoal ...
Other small, unpatterned brownish snakes which may be confused with C. amoenus, such as earth snakes (genus Virginia) and red-bellied snakes (Storeria occipitomaculata), have keeled dorsal scales and lack the spine-tipped tail. [4] [9] The southeastern crown snake (Tantilla coronata) has 15 midbody scale rows, a dark head, and a dark collar. [3]