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As typically measured, one kcal/mol represents a temperature increase of one degree Celsius in one liter of water (with a mass of 1 kg) resulting from the reaction of one mole of reagents. In SI units, one kilocalorie per mole is equal to 4.184 kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol), which comes to approximately 6.9477 × 10 −21 joules per molecule, or ...
R ∗ = 8.314 32 × 10 3 N⋅m⋅kmol −1 ⋅K −1 = 8.314 32 J⋅K −1 ⋅mol −1. Note the use of the kilomole, with the resulting factor of 1000 in the constant. The USSA1976 acknowledges that this value is not consistent with the cited values for the Avogadro constant and the Boltzmann constant. [ 13 ]
kT (also written as k B T) is the product of the Boltzmann constant, k (or k B), and the temperature, T.This product is used in physics as a scale factor for energy values in molecular-scale systems (sometimes it is used as a unit of energy), as the rates and frequencies of many processes and phenomena depend not on their energy alone, but on the ratio of that energy and kT, that is, on E ...
The standard enthalpy of formation is measured in units of energy per amount of substance, usually stated in kilojoule per mole (kJ mol −1), but also in kilocalorie per mole, joule per mole or kilocalorie per gram (any combination of these units conforming to the energy per mass or amount guideline).
The activation energy (E a) of a reaction is measured in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol). [2] Activation energy can be thought of as the magnitude of the potential barrier (sometimes called the energy barrier) separating minima of the potential energy surface pertaining to the initial and final thermodynamic ...
The SI unit of molar heat capacity heat is joule per kelvin per mole (J/(K⋅mol), J/(K mol), J K −1 mol −1, etc.). Since an increment of temperature of one degree Celsius is the same as an increment of one kelvin, that is the same as joule per degree Celsius per mole (J/(°C⋅mol)).
Mole (unit) kmol/d: kmol/d: 5/432: kilomole per day: kilomoles per day: mmol/s: Mole (unit) kmol/h: kmol/h: 5/18: kilomole per hour: kilomoles per hour: mol/s: Mole (unit) kmol/min: kmol/min: 50/3: kilomole per minute: kilomoles per minute: mol/s: Kilomole (unit) kmol/s: kmol/s: 1000: kilomole per second: kilomoles per second: lb-mol/s: Mole ...
In general, proteins have lower energy densities (≈16 kJ/g) than carbohydrates (≈17 kJ/g), whereas fats provide much higher energy densities (≈38 kJ/g), [8] 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 times as much energy. Fats contain more carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds than carbohydrates or proteins, yielding higher energy density. [ 9 ]