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Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is the second most common nosocomial infection and accounts for approximately one-fourth of all infections in the intensive care unit (ICU). [48] HAP, or nosocomial pneumonia, is a lower respiratory infection that was not incubating at the time of hospital admission and that presents clinically two or more days ...
Hospital acquired pneumonia is the second most common nosocomial infection (after urinary tract infections) and accounts for 15–20% of the total. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is the most common cause of death among nosocomial infections and is the primary cause of death in intensive care units .
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
For instance, everyone 6 months and older should receive the flu shot every year. Children under 5 and adults 50 years and older should receive the pneumococcal vaccine. And people eligible for ...
In other infections, such as malaria, lung involvement is due primarily to cytokine-induced systemic inflammation. [50] In the developed world, these infections are most common in people returning from travel or in immigrants. [50] Around the world, parasitic pneumonia is most common in the immunodeficient. [51]
Fungal sepsis accounts for approximately 5% of severe sepsis and septic shock cases; the most common cause of fungal sepsis is an infection by Candida species of yeast, [29] a frequent hospital-acquired infection. The most common causes for parasitic sepsis are Plasmodium (which leads to malaria), Schistosoma and Echinococcus.
The most at-risk populations for RSV complications are older adults and those with underlying medical conditions or immunocompromised individuals. [27] Between 60,000-160,000 older adults in the United States are hospitalized annually with RSV. Between 6,000 and 10,000 older adults die from RSV infection each year. [28]
Gram-negative bacteremia occurs more frequently in elderly populations (65 years or older) and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in this population. [23] E.coli is the most common cause of community-acquired bacteremia accounting for approximately 75% of cases. [24] E.coli bacteremia is usually the result of a urinary tract ...