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Sumo (Japanese: 相撲, Hepburn: sumō, Japanese pronunciation:, lit. ' striking one another ') [1] is a form of competitive full-contact wrestling where a rikishi (wrestler) attempts to force his opponent out of a circular ring or into touching the ground with any body part other than the soles of his feet (usually by throwing, shoving or pushing him down).
A sumo gyōji, the 33rd Kimura Shōnosuke [], in full traditional dress. A gyōji (行司, lit. ' administering things ') is a referee employed by the Japan Sumo Association, responsible for a variety of activities which concern the organisation of the sport in general and the refereeing of matches, as well as the preservation of professional sumo culture, deeply rooted in Shinto traditions.
Kimarite (Japanese: 決まり手) is the technique used in sumo by a rikishi (wrestler) to win a match. It is officially decided or announced by the gyōji (referee) at the end of the match, though judges can modify this decision.
In modern sumo, this situation is resolved with a break and subsequent restart or rematch. [1] Though common in early sumo, hikiwake are very rare in the modern age and there has not been one since 1974. [7] Recorded with a white triangle. Hinoshita Kaisan (日下開山) A nickname used to describe the first yokozuna, Akashi Shiganosuke.
Amateur sumo wrestlers wear a cotton mawashi of any color without the looping accorded to the senior professional's training garb. Additionally, they may wear a tag on the front of their mawashi that identifies them individually or the nation they are competing for, depending on the competition.
The tradition of ring names in sumo dates back to the Edo period, where they were used as a means to attract customers and hide the identities of the rikishi. [ 1 ] Like standard Japanese names , a shikona consists of a surname and a personal, or given name, [ 1 ] and the full name is written surname first.
Modern sumo wrestler Tochiazuma with an ōichō-style chonmage. In modern Japan, the only remaining wearers of the chonmage are sumo wrestlers and kabuki actors. [6] Given the uniqueness of the style in modern times, the Japan Sumo Association employs specialist hairdressers called tokoyama to cut and prepare sumo wrestlers' hair.
During the Edo period, sumo bouts, called kanjin-sumo (勧進相撲), were often held to raise funds to develop provinces (new construction or repair of bridges, temples, shrines and other public buildings) or for entertainment purposes. [12] The premises of the Ekō-in temple in Edo, during a kanjin-sumo tournament (1842)