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Endogenous depression is an atypical subclass of major depressive disorder (clinical depression). It could be caused by genetic and biological factors. [ 1 ] Endogenous depression occurs due to the presence of an internal (cognitive, biological) stressor instead of an external (social, environmental) stressor. [ 2 ]
The biology of depression is the attempt to identify a biochemical origin of depression, as opposed to theories that emphasize psychological or situational causes. Scientific studies have found that different brain areas show altered activity in humans with major depressive disorder (MDD) . [ 1 ]
Limbic hypermetabolism is more consistent than in bipolar depression, but the overall study quality is low due to limitations associated with neuroimaging in acutely manic patients. [70] Another review reported that mania is generally associated with frontal/ventral hypoactivation, while depression is generally associated with the opposite.
Many professionals believe that the cause of mental disorders is the biology of the brain and the nervous system. [ citation needed ] Mind mentions genetic factors, long-term physical health conditions, and head injuries or epilepsy (affecting behavior and mood) as factors that may trigger an episode of mental illness.
Axon terminals are specialized to release neurotransmitters very rapidly by exocytosis. [1] Neurotransmitter molecules are packaged into synaptic vesicles that cluster beneath the axon terminal membrane on the presynaptic side (A) of a synapse.
A common laboratory-scale mechanical method for cell disruption uses glass, ceramic, or steel beads, 0.1–2 mm (0.004–0.08 in) in diameter, mixed with a sample suspended in an aqueous solution. First developed by Tim Hopkins in the late 1970s, the sample and bead mix is subjected to high level agitation by stirring or shaking.
This is seen in that immune activity does not appear to be enough on its own to cause depression. [39] Evidence for this comes primarily from treatments that involve the pro-inflammatory IFN-α, which is commonly used in treating viral infections but only results in major depression in about one third of patients.
Major depression (also called "major depressive disorder", "clinical depression" or often simply "depression") is a leading cause of disability worldwide, and in 2000 was the fourth leading contributor to the global burden of disease (measured in DALYs); it is also an important risk factor for suicide. [1]