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Tetrahydrofuran (THF), or oxolane, is an organic compound with the formula (CH 2) 4 O. The compound is classified as heterocyclic compound , specifically a cyclic ether . It is a colorless, water- miscible organic liquid with low viscosity .
Furoic acid is reduced to tetrahydro-2-furoic acid, as originally reported in 1913 by Wienhaus. [4] Tetrahydro-2-furoic acid has been prepared via selective hydrogenation of 2-furoic acid over a bimetallic catalyst of palladium-nickel supported on alumina.
The Feist–Benary synthesis is a classic way to synthesize furans. The reaction involves alkylation of 1,3-diketones with α-bromoketones followed by dehydration of an intermediate hydroxydihydrofuran. [9] The other traditional route involve the reaction of 1,4-diketones with phosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5) in the Paal–Knorr synthesis. [10]
Synthesis of polypeptides which has the oldest history of ROP, dates back to the work in 1906 by Leuchs. [14] Subsequently, the ROP of anhydro sugars provided polysaccharides, including synthetic dextran, xanthan gum, welan gum, gellan gum, diutan gum, and pullulan. Mechanisms and thermodynamics of ring-opening polymerization were established ...
Living polymerization: A chain polymerization from which chain transfer and chain termination are absent.. Note: In many cases, the rate of chain initiation is fast compared with the rate of chain propagation, so that the number of kinetic-chain carriers is essentially constant throughout the polymerization.
This reaction pathway was exemplified by the group in the synthesis of filibuvir, a drug used for the treatment of hepatitis C that is produced on plant-scale by Pfizer. [14] The researchers focus primarily on polymer formation in systems of tetrahydrofuran with hydrocarbon cosolvents, and find that the rate is strongly sensitive to the ...
The reaction conditions for the synthesis of each type of isobutylene product vary depending on the desired molecular weight and what type(s) of monomer(s) is used. The conditions most commonly used to form low molecular weight (5–10 x 10 4 Da) polyisobutylene are initiation with AlCl 3 , BF 3 , or TiCl 4 at a temperature range of −40 to 10 ...
For example, tetrahydrofuran-3-one (3-ketotetrahydrofuran) [12] and 3-aminotetrahydrofuran [13] have been synthesized from 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran and used in pharmaceutical syntheses. Additionally, additive amounts (0.05-0.15 weight %) of the nitrate ester manufactured by sulfuric acid - nitric acid nitration of 3-hydoxytetrahydrofuran have ...