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In geometry, a straight line, usually abbreviated line, is an infinitely long object with no width, depth, or curvature, an idealization of such physical objects as a straightedge, a taut string, or a ray of light. Lines are spaces of dimension one, which may be embedded in spaces of dimension two, three, or higher.
The intercept theorem, also known as Thales's theorem, basic proportionality theorem or side splitter theorem, is an important theorem in elementary geometry about the ratios of various line segments that are created if two rays with a common starting point are intercepted by a pair of parallels.
In modern terms, an angle is the figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle. [57] The size of an angle is formalized as an angular measure. In Euclidean geometry, angles are used to study polygons and triangles, as well as forming an object of study in their own right. [43]
Conventionally, in mathematics and the SI, the radian is treated as being equal to the dimensionless unit 1, thus being normally omitted. The angle expressed by another angular unit may then be obtained by multiplying the angle by a suitable conversion constant of the form k / 2 π , where k is the measure of a complete turn expressed ...
Half-line (geometry) or ray, half of a line split at an initial point Directed half-line or ray, half of a directed or oriented line split at an initial point; Ray (graph theory), an infinite sequence of vertices such that each vertex appears at most once in the sequence and each two consecutive vertices in the sequence are the two endpoints of an edge in the graph
The line segments OT 1 and OT 2 are radii of the circle C; since both are inscribed in a semicircle, they are perpendicular to the line segments PT 1 and PT 2, respectively. But only a tangent line is perpendicular to the radial line. Hence, the two lines from P and passing through T 1 and T 2 are tangent to the circle C.
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Algebraic geometry is a branch of mathematics which uses abstract algebraic techniques, mainly from commutative algebra, to solve geometrical problems.Classically, it studies zeros of multivariate polynomials; the modern approach generalizes this in a few different aspects.