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The tubular systems are fundamental to tall building design. Most buildings over 40-stories constructed since the 1960s now use a tube design derived from Khan's structural engineering principles, [ 2 ] [ 8 ] examples including the construction of the World Trade Center, Aon Center , Petronas Towers , Jin Mao Building , and most other supertall ...
High-rise towers in Vilnius Central Business District, Lithuania The Majakka high-rise building in Kalasatama, Helsinki, Finland A tower block , high-rise , apartment tower , residential tower , apartment block , block of flats , or office tower is a tall building , as opposed to a low-rise building and is defined differently in terms of height ...
Khan pioneered the use of lightweight concrete for high-rise buildings, [34] at a time when reinforced concrete was used for mostly low-rise construction of only a few stories in height. [35] Most of Khan's designs were conceived considering pre-fabrication and repetition of components so projects could be quickly built with minimal errors. [36]
The structural system of a high-rise building is designed to cope with vertical gravity loads as well as lateral loads caused by wind or seismic activity. The structural system consists only of the members designed to carry the loads, and all other members are referred to as non-structural.
An early modern example of high-rise housing was in 17th-century Edinburgh, Scotland, where a defensive city wall defined the boundaries of the city. Due to the restricted land area available for development, the houses increased in height instead. Buildings of 11 stories were common, and there are records of buildings as high as 14 stories.
Performance-Based Building Design is an approach to the design of any complexity of building, from single-detached homes up to and including high-rise apartments and office buildings. A building constructed in this way is required to meet certain measurable or predictable performance requirements, such as energy efficiency or seismic load ...
The theory developed in the early 1970s, and he wrote his first book on the topic, Defensible Space, in 1972. The book contains a study from New York that pointed out that higher crime rate existed in high-rise housing projects than in low-rise complexes. This, he concluded, was because residents felt no control or personal responsibility for ...
It is 130 feet (40 m) high, in 10 stories, of steel construction, on heavy foundations, with thick walls. It has 150 offices, 300 occupants, and 2 passenger elevators. Erected in 1882, at a cost of $325,000; the first high steel building in Chicago." [5] From 1903-1965, the First National Bank Building occupied the site.