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A study found that a combination of 60 μg/day EE and 0.25 mg/day levonorgestrel in women and men resulted in peak levels of EE of 495 pg/mL and 251 pg/mL, area-under-the-curve levels of EE of 6.216 pg/mL/hour and 2.850 pg/mL/hour, and elimination half-lives of 16.5 hours and 10.2 hours, respectively. [8]
Side effects can include nausea, headache, blood clots, breast pain, depression, and liver problems. [3] Use is not recommended during pregnancy, the initial three weeks after childbirth, and in those at high risk of blood clots. [3] However, it may be started immediately after a miscarriage or abortion. [5]
The medication is taken by mouth and contains 30 μg EE and 3 mg DRSP per tablet (brand names Yasmin, others) or 20 μg EE and 3 mg DRSP per tablet (brand names Yaz, Yasminelle, Nikki, others). [ 4 ] [ 5 ] A formulation with levomefolic acid ( vitamin B 9 ) has also been marketed (brand names Beyaz, Safyral, others), with similar indications.
EE/CPA is used as a combined birth control pill to prevent ovulation and pregnancy in women. [2] It is also approved and used to treat androgen-dependent conditions in women such as acne , seborrhea , hirsutism , female pattern hair loss , and hyperandrogenism due to polycystic ovary syndrome .
All contain an estrogen, ethinylestradiol or mestranol, [1] [2] in varying amounts, and one of a number of different progestogens. (Regarding the estrogen, the inactive 3-methyl ether of ethinylestradiol, which must be metabolized by the liver into the active ethinylestradiol; 50 μg of mestranol is equivalent to only 35 μg of ethinylestradiol and should not be used when high-dose [50 μg ...
Cyproterone acetate (CPA), sold alone under the brand name Androcur or with ethinylestradiol under the brand names Diane or Diane-35 among others, is an antiandrogen and progestin medication used in the treatment of androgen-dependent conditions such as acne, excessive body hair growth, early puberty, and prostate cancer, as a component of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender individuals ...
[2] Subsequently, Upjohn (together with Schering) biochemically converted cortisone into the more potent steroid prednisone via bacterial fermentation. [3] In chemical research, the company is known for the development of the Upjohn dihydroxylation by V. VanRheenen, R. C. Kelly, and D. Y. Cha in 1976. [4]
[126] [127] [116] [124] In women taking a birth control pill containing ethinylestradiol and a progestin, the risk of VTE is in the range of 3 to 10 out of 10,000 women per year. [ 126 ] [ 127 ] [ 124 ] Birth control pills containing estradiol valerate and a progestin are associated with about half the risk of VTE of ethinylestradiol/progestin ...