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Mud fever, also known as scratches or pastern dermatitis, is a group of diseases of horses causing irritation and dermatitis in the lower limbs of horses. Often caused by a mixture of bacteria, typically Dermatophilus congolensis and Staphylococcus spp., mud fever can also be caused by fungal organisms ( dermatophytes ).
Strangles (also called equine distemper) is a contagious upper respiratory tract infection of horses and other equines caused by a Gram-positive bacterium, Streptococcus equi. [1] As a result, the lymph nodes swell, compressing the pharynx , larynx , and trachea , and can cause airway obstruction leading to death, hence the name strangles. [ 2 ]
Equine encephalosis virus; Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis; Equine gastric ulcer syndrome; Equid alphaherpesvirus 1; Equid alphaherpesvirus 3; Equine infectious anemia; Equine influenza; Equine melanoma; Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis; Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy; Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis; Equine proximal enteritis ...
Secondary infections with microbes or mites commonly cause complications. [6] Infestations with the mange mite Chorioptes equi are very itchy, and lead to self-trauma and dermatitis. [6] The quality of the hoof is often poor; hooves are prone to cracks, splits and the development of thrush and abscesses; [4] horses may develop laminitis. [1]
The most current theory is a result of a recent study that suggests it is caused by a pegivirus, referred to as Theiler's disease-associated virus (TDAV). [2] Eight horses that had received prophylactic botulinum antitoxin and developed subsequent signs of Theiler's disease were subjected to a test for a viral infection based on RNA sequencing techniques.
Horses are usually affected on the back, head, and neck where insects commonly bite, and the legs, which are commonly infected if the horse is kept in moist footing. [3] Initially, the horse will display a matted coat and bumps which will progress to crusty scabs and lesions. [4] The animal may also be pruritic and display signs of discomfort.
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Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA), also known as hyperelastosis cutis (HC), is an inherited autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder. It develops from a homozygous recessive mutation that weakens collagen fibers that allow the skin of the animal to stay connected to the rest of the animal.