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Michael Swan is a writer of English language teaching and reference materials. He graduated from University of Oxford with a bachelor's degree in modern foreign languages [1] and has later gone for a postgraduate research degree. [2] He is the founder of Swan School of English. [3]
This activity gives students the chance to improve their communication skills in the TL in a low-pressure situation. Most students are more comfortable speaking in pairs rather than in front of the entire class. [4] Instructors need to be aware of the differences between a conversation and an utterance.
Paper 1 has five tasks, requiring labelling, short answer and longer written responses. Paper 2 has three tasks, requiring longer, written responses. All tasks are compulsory. Paper 1 – total of 100 marks available. Task 1 (6 marks) has six definitions of ELT-related terms. Candidates supply the correct term for each definition.
However, the methods of teaching a text, the manner of engaging with a text, and the selection of texts are all widely-debated subjects within the English studies field. [1] Another unifying commonality is that this engagement with the text will produce a wide variety of skills, which can translate into many different careers. [3]
The test is divided into 3 sections: reading and listening – step 1, reading and listening – step 2, and speaking. Depending on the fluency of students' English, they will be expected to take either the step 1 or step 2 test. Students are expected to take two of the three sections, depending on their communicative skills in English.
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The concept of communicative competence, as developed in linguistics, originated in response to perceived inadequacy of the notion of linguistic competence.That is, communicative competence encompasses a language user's grammatical knowledge of syntax, morphology, phonology and the like, but reconceives this knowledge as a functional, social understanding of how and when to use utterances ...
Teaching English as a second language (TESL) refers to teaching English to students whose first language is not English. The teaching profession has used different names for TEFL and TESL; the generic "teaching English to speakers of other languages" (TESOL) is increasingly used, which covers TESL and TEFL as an umbrella term. [5]