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Related to codeine in other ways are codoxime, thebacon, codeine-N-oxide (genocodeine), related to the nitrogen morphine derivatives as is codeine methobromide, and heterocodeine, which is a drug six times stronger than morphine and 72 times stronger than codeine due to a small re-arrangement of the molecule, namely moving the methyl group from ...
The definition of "opioid" was later refined to refer to substances that have morphine-like activities that are mediated by the activation of opioid receptors. One modern pharmacology textbook states: "the term opioid applies to all agonists and antagonists with morphine-like activity, and also the naturally occurring and synthetic opioid ...
Some patients request to be switched to a different narcotic due to stigma associated with a particular drug (e.g. a patient refusing methadone due to its association with opioid addiction treatment). [4] Equianalgesic charts are also used when calculating an equivalent dosage of the same drug, but with a different route of administration.
A chart outlining the structural features that define opiates and opioids, including distinctions between semi-synthetic and fully synthetic opioid structures. An opiate is an alkaloid substance derived from opium (or poppy straw). [1]
The methyl group that makes morphine into codeine can be removed or added back, or replaced with another functional group like ethyl and others to make codeine analogues of morphine-derived drugs and vice versa. Codeine analogues of morphine-based drugs often serve as prodrugs of the stronger drug, as in codeine and morphine, hydrocodone and ...
Carbonate derivatives of 14β-hydroxycodeine "viz., 14β-hydroxy-6-O-(methoxycarbonyl)codeine, 6-O-methoxycarbonyl-14β-(methoxycarbonyloxy)codeine, and 14β-acetoxy-6-O-methoxy-carbonylcodeine, potential substrates for ring C modification in morphinane (sic) alkaloids, were synthesized for the first time." Russian Chemical Bulletin.
Opioid switching, also called opioid rotation, is the replacement of the current opioid with another pharmacological agent such as morphine or methadone. It was effective in some studies, but can increase sensitivity to pain, requiring higher doses of the opioid-sparing drug. [33]
Drug 9050 opiate Codeine [2] 9334 opiate Dihydroetorphine [3] 9190 opiate Ethylmorphine [2] 9059 opiate Etorphine hydrochloride [4] 9640 opiate Granulated opium [2] 9193 opiate Hydrocodone [2] 9150 opiate Hydromorphone [2] 9260 opiate Metopon [2] 9300 opiate Morphine [2] 9668 opiate Noroxymorphone [5] 9610 opiate Opium extracts [2] 9620 opiate ...