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In Euclidean geometry, a translation is a geometric transformation that moves every point of a figure, shape or space by the same distance in a given direction. A translation can also be interpreted as the addition of a constant vector to every point, or as shifting the origin of the coordinate system .
In mathematics, a translation of axes in two dimensions is a mapping from an xy-Cartesian coordinate system to an x'y'-Cartesian coordinate system in which the x' axis is parallel to the x axis and k units away, and the y' axis is parallel to the y axis and h units away.
Together with the translations, all homotheties of an affine (or Euclidean) space form a group, the group of dilations or homothety-translations. These are precisely the affine transformations with the property that the image of every line g is a line parallel to g .
The translations by a given distance in any direction form a conjugacy class; the translation group is the union of those for all distances. In 1D, all reflections are in the same class. In 2D, rotations by the same angle in either direction are in the same class. Glide reflections with translation by the same distance are in the same class. In 3D:
For translational invariant functions : it is () = (+).The Lebesgue measure is an example for such a function.. In physics and mathematics, continuous translational symmetry is the invariance of a system of equations under any translation (without rotation).
A reflection against an axis followed by a reflection against a second axis parallel to the first one results in a total motion that is a translation. A reflection against an axis followed by a reflection against a second axis not parallel to the first one results in a total motion that is a rotation around the point of intersection of the axes.
The study of geometry may be approached by the study of these transformations, ... Displacements preserve distances and oriented angles (e.g., translations); [3]
Translation surfaces are popular in descriptive geometry and architecture, because they can be modelled easily. In differential geometry minimal surfaces are represented by translation surfaces or as midchord surfaces (s. below). The translation surfaces as defined here should not be confused with the translation surfaces in complex geometry.