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The North African campaign of World War II took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943, fought between the Allies and the Axis Powers. It included campaigns in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts ( Western Desert campaign , Desert War), in Morocco and Algeria ( Operation Torch ), and in Tunisia ( Tunisia campaign ).
Axis convoys to North Africa supplied Italian colonists and German and Italian military forces. British attacks came from Malta, also dependent upon convoys for supplies. The five ships in the convoy were sunk or run aground, along with their three destroyer escorts, one being refloated later in the year, for the loss of a British destroyer.
Operation Vulcan (22 April – 6 May 1943) [1] and Operation Strike (6–12 May 1943) [2] were the final ground attacks by the Allied forces against the Italian and German forces in Tunis, [3] Cape Bon, and Bizerte, the last Axis bridgeheads in North Africa, during the Tunisian campaign of the Second World War.
Mostly by Afrika Corps in Libya and Egypt, but also troops from Bulgaria and the Balkans, and troops from Caucasus and Southern Russia) [53] Operation Attila/Anton (occupation of un-occupied zone of France, including French Tunis, [54] after allied landings in French North Africa to prevent an Allied invasion of Southern France)
Axis supplies were being transported down the Italian Peninsula, mainly by rail, to southern ports for shipment to North Africa. The Royal Navy was deploying growing numbers of ships and submarines to the area to intercept Axis supply convoys forcing the Luftwaffe to carry some of the burden of supplying the Afrika Korps and Italian troops by air.
Gen Sir Martin Farndale, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988/London: Brasseys, 1996, ISBN 1-85753-080-2. Heddlesten, James (17 February 2010). "Libya September 1941 OoB". Comando Supremo: Italy at War website. Moreman, Tim (2007).
The whole unit was captured along with the rest of all Axis forces in Africa in May 1943. [ 7 ] The remaining soldiers of the 3rd battalion, i.e. the Deutsche-Arabische Lehr-Abteilung , who had not been sent to North Africa, were used, together with Muslims from French North Africa, to form the German-Arab Battalion 845 in the summer of 1943. [ 5 ]
The Axis troops fell back to defensible positions north and west of Enfidaville, 25 miles (40 km) south of Cape Bon. The mountains descend to the sea, with a narrow passage to Hammamet . The area was held until the Axis surrender in North Africa and Eighth Army units were moved towards Medjez el Bab opposite Tunis, for the final operations of ...