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Serotonin pathways are thought to modulate eating, both the amount as well as the motor processes associated with eating. The serotonergic projections into the hypothalamus are thought to be particularly relevant, and an increase in serotonergic signaling is thought to generally decrease food consumption (evidenced by fenfluramine , however ...
They are one of the triggers of intracellular signal transduction cascades. [1] Examples of second messenger molecules include cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, inositol triphosphate, diacylglycerol, and calcium. [2] First messengers are extracellular factors, often hormones or neurotransmitters, such as epinephrine, growth hormone, and serotonin.
2642 14527 Ensembl ENSG00000215644 ENSG00000288269 ENSMUSG00000025127 UniProt P47871 Q61606 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000160 NM_008101 RefSeq (protein) NP_000151 NP_032127 Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 81.8 – 81.81 Mb Chr 11: 120.42 – 120.43 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse The glucagon receptor is a 62 kDa protein that is activated by glucagon and is a member of the class B G ...
The signal transduction component labeled as "MAPK" in the pathway was originally called "ERK," so the pathway is called the MAPK/ERK pathway. The MAPK protein is an enzyme, a protein kinase that can attach phosphate to target proteins such as the transcription factor MYC and, thus, alter gene transcription and, ultimately, cell cycle progression.
Serotonylation is the process by which serotonin effects the exocytosis of alpha-granules from platelets (also known as thrombocytes). [1] This involves the serotonylation of small GTPases such as Rab4 and RhoA. It has been suggested that "further understanding of the specific hormonal role of 5-HT in hemostasis and thrombosis is important to ...
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events. Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed receptors , although in some cases the term sensor is used. [ 1 ]
One notable example of functional selectivity occurs with the 5-HT 2A receptor, as well as the 5-HT 2C receptor. Serotonin, the main endogenous ligand of 5-HT receptors, is a functionally selective agonist at this receptor, activating phospholipase C (which leads to inositol triphosphate accumulation), but does not activate phospholipase A2, which would result in arachidonic acid signaling.
There are three kinds of contextual factors that determine the shape the TGF-β response: the signal transduction components, the transcriptional cofactors and the epigenetic state of the cell. The different ligands and receptors of TGF-β are significant as well in the composition signal transduction pathway. [2]