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The Eastern Arabic numerals, also called Indo-Arabic numerals or Arabic-Indic numerals as known by Unicode, are the symbols used to represent numerical digits in conjunction with the Arabic alphabet in the countries of the Mashriq (the east of the Arab world), the Arabian Peninsula, and its variant in other countries that use the Persian numerals on the Iranian plateau and in Asia.
Thus many words in the list below, though originally from Persian, arrived in English through the intermediary of Ottoman Turkish language. Many Persian words also came into English through Urdu during British colonialism. Persian was the language of the Mughal court before British rule in India even though locals in North India spoke Hindustani.
The Oxford English Dictionary uses lowercase Arabic numerals while using the fully capitalized term Arabic Numerals for Eastern Arabic numerals. [3] In contemporary society, the terms digits, numbers, and numerals often implies only these symbols, although it can only be inferred from context.
The closest equivalent sound to be known to most English-speakers is the Parisian French "r" . In the Maltese alphabet which is written in the Latin alphabet , the only Semitic language to do so in its standard form , writes the ghayn as g .
The Hindu–Arabic system is designed for positional notation in a decimal system. In a more developed form, positional notation also uses a decimal marker (at first a mark over the ones digit but now more commonly a decimal point or a decimal comma which separates the ones place from the tenths place), and also a symbol for "these digits recur ad infinitum".
Modern Arabic mathematical notation is a mathematical notation based on the Arabic script, used especially at pre-university levels of education. Its form is mostly derived from Western notation, but has some notable features that set it apart from its Western counterpart.
These could be a numerator of a fraction. The positional principle was used for the denominator of a fraction, which was written with an exponent of 60 (60, 3,600, 216,000, etc.). Sexagesimal fractions could be used to express any fractional value, with the successive positions representing 1/60, 1/60 2 , 1/60 3 , and so on. [ 14 ]
The characters used to write ordinary cardinal numbers are listed below. There are two different words for "ten": ð—°— *gha is the normal word, but ð—° *sha is sometimes used, especially for the number of days in dates, e.g. 𗰗𗼑ð—°ð—¾ž (gha lhi sha ny) "10th day of the 10th month".