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Papaver somniferum, commonly known as the opium poppy [2] or breadseed poppy, [3] is a species of flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae.It is the species of plant from which both opium and poppy seeds are derived and is also a valuable ornamental plant grown in gardens.
Poppies are herbaceous plants, often grown for their colourful flowers. One species of poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the source of the narcotic drug mixture opium, which contains powerful medicinal alkaloids such as morphine and has been used since ancient times as an analgesic and narcotic medicinal and recreational drug. It also produces ...
Opium (or poppy tears, scientific name: Lachryma papaveris) is dried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum. [4] Approximately 12 percent of opium is made up of the analgesic alkaloid morphine, which is processed chemically to produce heroin and other synthetic opioids for medicinal use and for the illegal drug trade.
Lactuca virosa. Lactuca virosa is a plant in the Lactuca (lettuce) genus, often ingested for its mild analgesic and sedative effects. [2] It is related to common lettuce (), and is often called wild lettuce, bitter lettuce, laitue vireuse, opium lettuce, poisonous lettuce, tall lettuce, great lettuce [3] or rakutu-karyumu-so.
Morphine was first isolated in 1804 by German pharmacist Friedrich Sertürner. [16] [17] This is believed to be the first isolation of a medicinal alkaloid from a plant. [18] Merck began marketing it commercially in 1827. [17] Morphine was more widely used after the invention of the hypodermic syringe in 1853–1855.
Many of these plants are used intentionally as psychoactive drugs, for medicinal, religious, and/or recreational purposes. Some have been used ritually as entheogens for millennia. [1] [2] The plants are listed according to the specific psychoactive chemical substances they contain; many contain multiple known psychoactive compounds.
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The plant is the plant source of morphine, used for pain relief. Morphine made from the refined and modified sap is used for pain control in people with severe cancer. [115] Passiflora: Passion flower: Peganum harmala: Syrian Rue (common name Harmal) Pelargonium sidoides: Umckaloabo, or South African Geranium: Possibly useful for treating ...