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This was observed by two experiments: development of sleepiness after dopamine neuron destruction in substantia nigra in the midbrain, and discovery of the reticular activating system, which are visual cues received through our eyes and to our brain that begin the waking process, that waking consciousness depends sleep.
Dreams and reports of dreams are produced in distinct states of consciousness resulting in a delay between the dream event and its recall while awake. During this time lag forgetting may occur resulting in an incomplete report. Forgetting is proportional to the amount of time elapsed between the experience and its recall. [2]
Dreams have a foresight function, enabling us to find a way out of an immediate conflict. [I 2] To reduce the polysemy of the term, Jung sometimes speaks of the "intuitive function" of dreams. [G 3] This prospective function is not in fact a premonitory dream, but teaches the dreamer a path to follow. [2]
Humans spend about two hours dreaming per night, [2] and each dream lasts around 5–20 minutes, although the dreamer may perceive the dream as being much longer than this. [3] The content and function of dreams have been topics of scientific, philosophical and religious interest throughout recorded history.
There are two phases of sleep: rapid eye movement (REM) and Non-REM sleep (NREM). [18] REM sleep is the less restful stage in which one dreams and experiences muscle movements or twitches. Also during this stage in sleep, a person's heart rate and breathing are typically irregular. The electrical activity in the brain during REM sleep causes ...
Work in oneirology overlaps with neurology and can vary from quantifying dreams to analyzing brain waves during dreaming, to studying the effects of drugs and neurotransmitters on sleeping or dreaming. Though debate continues about the purpose and origins of dreams, there could be great gains from studying dreams as a function of brain activity.
The Interpretation of Dreams. Standard Edition, 5. Freud, Sigmund. "Manifest Dream Content and Latent Dream Thought." New York. Boni & Liveright. A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis. 1920. Hall, Calvin. (1953). "A Cognitive Theory of Dream Symbols". Journal of General Psychology. 48. 169-186.
All this arousal has to be discharged in dreams. Dreaming takes up a large amount of the brain’s energy, as the PGO spikes are continually firing, so depressed people tend to wake early but exhausted and lacking in motivation, setting the scene for more worry and distress the following day. (This has been termed the cycle of depression. [12])