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  2. Thomson problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson_problem

    —Sir J. J. Thomson [13] Though experimental evidence led to the abandonment of Thomson's plum pudding model as a complete atomic model, irregularities observed in numerical energy solutions of the Thomson problem have been found to correspond with electron shell-filling in naturally occurring atoms throughout the periodic table of elements.

  3. Vortex theory of the atom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex_theory_of_the_atom

    However, as more elements were discovered and the periodicity of their characteristics established in the periodic table of the elements, it became clear that this could not be explained by any rational classification of knots. This, together with the discovery of subatomic particles such as the electron, led to the theory being abandoned.

  4. Plum pudding model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum_pudding_model

    An atom with seven electrons arranged in a pentagonal dipyramid, as imagined by Thomson in 1905. The plum pudding model is an obsolete scientific model of the atom.It was first proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904 following his discovery of the electron in 1897, and was rendered obsolete by Ernest Rutherford's discovery of the atomic nucleus in 1911.

  5. Periodic table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table

    Periodic table of the chemical elements showing the most or more commonly named sets of elements (in periodic tables), and a traditional dividing line between metals and nonmetals. The f-block actually fits between groups 2 and 3 ; it is usually shown at the foot of the table to save horizontal space.

  6. J. J. Thomson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._J._Thomson

    J.J. Thomson (1904), "On the Structure of the Atom: an Investigation of the Stability and Periods of Oscillation of a number of Corpuscles arranged at equal intervals around the Circumference of a Circle; with Application of the Results to the Theory of Atomic Structure," Philosophical Magazine Series 6, Volume 7, Number 39, pp. 237–265.

  7. Electron shell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell

    Einstein and Rutherford, who did not follow chemistry, were unaware of the chemists who were developing electron shell theories of the periodic table from a chemistry point of view, such as Irving Langmuir, Charles Bury, J.J. Thomson, and Gilbert Lewis, who all introduced corrections to Bohr's model such as a maximum of two electrons in the ...

  8. Bohr model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_model

    When Bohr began his work on a new atomic theory in the summer of 1912 [8]: 237 the atomic model proposed by J. J. Thomson, now known as the plum pudding model, was the best available. [9]: 37 Thomson proposed a model with electrons rotating in coplanar rings within an atomic-sized, positively-charged, spherical volume. Thomson showed that this ...

  9. History of the periodic table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_periodic_table

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 1 March 2025. Development of the table of chemical elements The American chemist Glenn T. Seaborg —after whom the element seaborgium is named—standing in front of a periodic table, May 19, 1950 Part of a series on the Periodic table Periodic table forms 18-column 32-column Alternative and extended ...