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According to SAP, PI reduces the TCO by providing a common repository for interfaces. The central component of SAP PI is the SAP Integration Server, which facilitates interaction between diverse operating systems and applications across internal and external networked computer systems. PI is built upon the SAP Web Application Server.
The mount allows the table to be levelled. On the table, the alidade with telescopic sight is seen. A plane table consists of a smooth table surface mounted on a sturdy base. The connection between the table top and the base permits one to level the table precisely, using bubble levels, in a horizontal plane. The base, a tripod, is designed to ...
Collimation adjustment. The line of collimation or line of sight should coincide with axis of the telescope. [ 1 ] The line of sight should also be perpendicular to the horizontal axis at its intersection with the vertical axis .
This is achieved by setting the unused parameters to zero and is called a PI, PD, P, or I controller in the absence of the other control actions. PI controllers are fairly common in applications where derivative action would be sensitive to measurement noise, but the integral term is often needed for the system to reach its target value.
Repeat step 2 and step 3 in the same quadrant till both the bubble remain central. By rotating the upper part of the instrument through 180°, the level tube is brought parallel to first two-foot screws in reverse order. The bubble will remain in the centre if the instrument is in permanent adjustment.
I, P, PI, PD, and PID, are optimizing controllers which are used to improve system parameters (such as reducing steady state error, reducing resonant peak, improving system response by reducing rise time). All these operations can be done by compensators as well, used in cascade compensation technique.
Photogrammetric block adjustment of stereo pairs of aerial photographs is a modern, three-dimensional variant. In the late 1780s, Jesse Ramsden , a Yorkshireman from Halifax , England who had developed the dividing engine for dividing angular scales accurately to within a second of arc (≈ 0.0048 mrad or 4.8 μrad), was commissioned to build a ...
the plane normal to the pitch helix at side of tooth; the plane normal to the pitch helix at center of tooth; the plane normal to the pitch helix at center of space between two teeth; In a spiral bevel gear, one of the positions of a normal plane is at a mean point and the plane is normal to the tooth trace. [1]