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  2. Obsidian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsidian

    It is an igneous rock. [6] Obsidian is produced from felsic lava, rich in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium. It is commonly found within the margins of rhyolitic lava flows known as obsidian flows. These flows have a high content of silica, granting them a high viscosity.

  3. Apache tears - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_tears

    Apache tears are rounded pebbles of obsidian or "obsidianites" composed of black or dark-colored natural volcanic glass, usually of rhyolitic composition and bearing conchoidal fracture. Also known by the lithologic term marekanite, this variety of obsidian occurs as subrounded to subangular bodies up to about 2 in (51 mm) in diameter, often ...

  4. Lithophysa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithophysa

    Lithophysa. A lithophysa (plural lithophysae, from Greek lithos "stone" + physan "to blow") [ 1] is a felsic volcanic rock with a spherulitic structure and interior cavity with concentric chambers. Its outer shape is spherical or lenticular. They vary in size from very small up to twelve feet in diameter depending on the age of the magma ...

  5. Spherulite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherulite

    Spherulite. In petrology, spherulites (/ ˈsfɛrʊlaɪts, sfɪər -/) are small, rounded bodies that commonly occur in vitreous igneous rocks. They are often visible in specimens of obsidian, pitchstone, and rhyolite as globules about the size of millet seed or rice grain, with a duller luster than the surrounding glassy base of the rock, and ...

  6. Snowflake - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowflake

    Snowflake. A snowflake is a single ice crystal that has achieved a sufficient size, and may have amalgamated with others, which falls through the Earth's atmosphere as snow. [1][2][3] Each flake nucleates around a tiny particle in supersaturated air masses by attracting supercooled cloud water droplets, which freeze and accrete in crystal form.

  7. Obsidian use in Mesoamerica - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsidian_use_in_Mesoamerica

    Obsidian is a naturally formed volcanic glass that was an important part of the material culture of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. Obsidian was a highly integrated part of daily and ritual life, and its widespread and varied use may be a significant contributor to Mesoamerica's lack of metallurgy.

  8. Porphyry (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyry_(geology)

    Porphyry (geology) Porphyry (/ ˈpɔːrfəri / POR-fə-ree) is any of various granites or igneous rocks with coarse-grained crystals such as feldspar or quartz dispersed in a fine-grained silicate -rich, generally aphanitic matrix or groundmass. In its non-geologic, traditional use, the term porphyry usually refers to the purple-red form of ...

  9. Tumble finishing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumble_finishing

    Snowflake obsidian after tumble polishing. The precise tumbling duration is determined by many factors, including the hardness of the rock and the degree of smoothing desired in the coarser steps. Some people will tumble stones with rough grit for two, three or even four weeks to get their desired shapes out of the stones.

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