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Intestinal glands are found in the epithelia of the small intestine, namely the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and in the large intestine (colon), where they are sometimes called colonic crypts. Intestinal glands of the small intestine contain a base of replicating stem cells, Paneth cells of the innate immune system, and goblet cells, which ...
The small intestine tract: This is where absorption takes place. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The brush borders of the intestinal lining are the site of terminal carbohydrate digestions. The microvilli that constitute the brush border have enzymes for this final part of digestion anchored into their apical plasma membrane as integral membrane proteins.
Micrograph of the small intestine mucosa showing the intestinal villi and crypts of Lieberkühn. The three sections of the small intestine look similar to each other at a microscopic level, but there are some important differences. The parts of the intestine are as follows: This cross section diagram shows the 4 layers of the small intestine wall.
In the adult intestine, the crypts of Lieberkühn are the niche for epithelial stem cells and contain all proliferative stem and progenitor cells. Differentiating cells exit the cell cycle and migrate out of the crypts and onto the surface epithelium of the intestine, where they perform their physiological role (e.g., nutrient absorption by enterocytes; mucous secretion by goblet cells) and ...
Paneth cells are found throughout the small intestine and the appendix at the base of the intestinal glands. [2] There is an increase in Paneth cell numbers towards the end of the small intestine. [3] Like the other epithelial cell lineages in the small intestine, Paneth cells originate at the stem cell region near the bottom of the gland. [4]
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Colonic crypts deficient for CCOI in women reaches, on average, 18% in women and 23% in men by 80–84 years of age. [31] Crypts of the colon can reproduce by fission, as seen in panel C, where a crypt is fissioning to form two crypts, and in panel B where at least one crypt appears to be fissioning.
A glycocalyx surface coat contains digestive enzymes. Microvilli on the apical surface increase its surface area. This facilitates transport of numerous small molecules into the enterocyte from the intestinal lumen. These include broken down proteins, fats, and sugars, as well as water, electrolytes, vitamins, and bile salts.