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  2. Plasticity (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticity_(physics)

    To ensure that voids do not form between individually deforming grains, the GB constraint for the bicrystal is as follows: ε xx A = ε xx B (the x-axial strain at the GB must be equivalent for A and B), ε zz A = ε zz B (the z-axial strain at the GB must be equivalent for A and B), and ε xz A = ε xz B (the xz shear strain along the xz-GB ...

  3. Rock mass plasticity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_mass_plasticity

    The equations that govern the deformation of jointed rocks are the same as those used to describe the motion of a continuum: [13] ˙ + = ˙ = = ˙: + = where (,) is the mass density, ˙ is the material time derivative of , (,) = ˙ (,) is the particle velocity, is the particle displacement, ˙ is the material time derivative of , (,) is the Cauchy stress tensor, (,) is the body force density ...

  4. Plastic limit theorems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_limit_theorems

    The two plastic limit theorems apply to any elastic-perfectly plastic body or assemblage of bodies. Lower limit theorem: If an equilibrium distribution of stress can be found which balances the applied load and nowhere violates the yield criterion, the body (or bodies) will not fail, or will be just at the point of failure. [2] Upper limit theorem:

  5. Shearing (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shearing_(physics)

    The rectangularly-framed section has deformed into a parallelogram (shear strain), but the triangular roof trusses have resisted the shear stress and remain undeformed. In continuum mechanics, shearing refers to the occurrence of a shear strain, which is a deformation of a material substance in which parallel internal surfaces slide past one another.

  6. Lankford coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lankford_coefficient

    The Lankford coefficient (also called Lankford value, R-value, or plastic strain ratio) [1] is a measure of the plastic anisotropy of a rolled sheet metal. This scalar quantity is used extensively as an indicator of the formability of recrystallized low-carbon steel sheets.

  7. List of tectonic plate interactions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plate...

    This paradoxically results in divergence which was only incorporated in the theory of plate tectonics in 1970, but still results in net destruction when summed over major plate boundaries. [2] Divergent boundaries are areas where plates move away from each other, forming either mid-ocean ridges or rift valleys. These are also known as ...

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  9. Deformation (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation_(engineering)

    Thus, a point defining true stress–strain curve is displaced upwards and to the left to define the equivalent engineering stress–strain curve. The difference between the true and engineering stresses and strains will increase with plastic deformation. At low strains (such as elastic deformation), the differences between the two is ...