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The primary purpose of leak detection systems (LDS) is to help pipeline controllers to detect and localize leaks. LDS provide alarms and display other related data to the pipeline controllers to assist decision-making. Pipeline leak detection systems can also enhance productivity and system reliability thanks to reduced downtime and inspection ...
Any leak that can be seen, heard, or felt, and which is in a location that may endanger the general public or property. A Grade 2 leak is a leak that is recognized as being non-hazardous at the time of detection, but justifies scheduled repair based on probable future hazard. Examples of a Grade 2 Leak are:
Typically a helium leak detector will be used to measure leaks in the range of 10 −5 to 10 −12 Pa·m 3 ·s −1. A flow of 10 −5 Pa·m 3 ·s −1 is about 0.006 ml per minute at standard conditions for temperature and pressure (STP). A flow of 10 −13 Pa·m 3 ·s −1 is about 0.003 ml per century at STP.
Sensitivity (leak rate in mbar l/s) Ultrasonics: 10 −1: Bubble test in water 10 −2: Pressure decay 10 −2: Vacuum decay 10 −2: Acoustic emission detectors: 10 −3: Bubble test in soapy water 10 −4: Gas-specific thermal conductivity detector 10 −5: Halogen detector 10 −5: Photoacoustic spectroscopy: 10 −6: Hydrogen sniffer 10 − ...
A leak will give a similar result to permanent set, but will be detectable by holding the volume in the pressurised vessel by closing the inlet valve for a period before depressurising, as the pressure will drop steadily during this period if there is a leak. In most cases a permanent set that exceeds the specified maximum will indicate failure.
The ultrasonic gas leak detector then produces an alarm when there is an ultrasonic deviation from the normal condition of background noise. Ultrasonic gas leak detectors cannot measure gas concentration, but the device is able to determine the leak rate of an escaping gas because the ultrasonic sound level depends on the gas pressure and size ...
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