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Red pencil urchin – Papahānaumokuākea. The Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM) (roughly / p ɑː p ɑː ˈ h ɑː n aʊ m oʊ k u ˌ ɑː k eɪ. ə / [2]) is a World Heritage listed U.S. National Monument encompassing 583,000 square miles (1,510,000 km 2) of ocean waters, including ten islands and atolls of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
A composite satellite image from NASA of the Hawaiian Islands taken from outer space. Click on the image for a larger view that shows the main islands and the extended archipelago. Partial islands, atolls, reefs—those west of Niʻihau are uninhabited except Midway Atoll—form the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (Leeward Islands): Nihoa (Mokumana)
It was discovered in 1820 by Captain Joseph Allen of the ship Maro, after whose ship the reef was named. With a total area of 747 square miles (1,935 km 2), it is the largest coral reef in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. It contains 37 species of stony coral. Unlike most atolls, the coral extends out from the center like spokes on a wheel.
[10] [22] In 2000, the atoll became part of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve, which was incorporated into the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands National Monument in 2006. In 2009 the islands were evacuated during the approach of Hurricane Neki by landing a USCG C-130 on Tern's coral airstrip.
Kāneʻohe Bay, at 45 km 2 (17 sq mi), is the largest sheltered body of water in the main Hawaiian Islands. This reef-dominated embayment constitutes a significant scenic and recreational feature along the northeast coast of the Island of Oʻahu. The largest population center on Kāneʻohe Bay is the town of Kāneʻohe.
Hawaii's coral reefs during hurricane season are now better insured. The Nature Conservancy recently announced its purchase of a new coral reef insurance policy that expands coverage around the ...
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