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the quality of the resulting ethanol compared to the quality of refined gasoline; the energy indirectly consumed (in order to make the ethanol processing plant, etc.). Much of the current academic discussion regarding ethanol currently revolves around issues of system borders. This refers to how complete a picture is drawn for energy inputs.
At present, there are nine ethanol plants with a total production capacity of 133,632 kiloliters, and some of them began to produce as early as 2007 with oil palm plantation among others like PT Musimas with a capacity of 100,000 tons per year in North Sumatra and PT Prajona Nelayan with a capacity of 60,000 tons per year in Riau.
The ethanol-powered "flex" vehicles, as they are popularly known, are manufactured to tolerate hydrated ethanol , an azeotrope composed of 95.6% ethanol and 4.4% water. [ 21 ] The Honda CG 150 Titan Mix was launched in the Brazilian market in 2009 and became the first mass production flex-fuel motorcycle sold in the world.
The ethanol industry says capturing carbon emissions from ethanol plants and sequestering it underground is needed to help the industry keep up with the trend toward greener energy.
There were 378 ethanol plants operating in Brazil by July 2008, 126 dedicated to ethanol production and 252 producing both sugar and ethanol. There are 15 additional plants dedicated exclusively to sugar production. [86] These plants have an installed capacity of crushing 538 million metric tons of sugarcane per year, and there are 25 plants ...
The energy content of biofuel is the chemical energy contained in a given biofuel, measured per unit mass of that fuel, as specific energy, or per unit of volume of the fuel, as energy density.
Bioethanol plants and sugarcane mills are well-established processes where the biorefinery concept can be implemented since sugarcane bagasse is a feasible feedstock to produce fuels and chemicals; [8] lignocellulosic bioethanol (2G) is produced in Brazil in two plants with capacities of 40 and 84 Ml/y (about 0.4% of the production capacity in ...
Jul. 23—At a time when oil prices have made it particularly painful to gas up a vehicle, when western democracies are struggling with the ethics of buying oil from countries like Saudi Arabia ...