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Leptospirosis is a blood infection caused by the bacteria Leptospira [8] that can infect humans, dogs, rodents and many other wild and domesticated animals. [8] Signs and symptoms can range from none to mild (headaches, muscle pains, and fevers) to severe (bleeding in the lungs or meningitis). [5]
The minimal growth temperature of pathogenic species is 13–15 °C. Because the minimal growth temperature of the saprophytes is 5–10 °C, the ability of Leptospira to grow at 13 °C can be used to distinguish saprophytic from pathogenic Leptospira species. [30] The optimal pH for growth of Leptospira is 7.2–7.6.
Leptospira noguchii are spirochete-shaped, gram-negative bacterium that typically range from 0.1 μm by 6 μm to 0.1 μm to 20 μm. [9] [10] Leptospira noguchii also lacks glycolipids in their peptidoglycan and contain diaminopimelic acid. [10] L. noguchii is a motile organism due to having amphitrichous flagella on opposing ends of each other ...
L. interrogans cells are gram-negative, tightly coiled, motile spirochetes, with two periplasmic flagella. [1] One flagellum is inserted at each end of the bacterium. The cells are thin, about 0.15 μm, and long, between 6-20 μm, with a corkscrew shaped body with spiral or hooked ends. [1]
Externally, the upper limit of the human body’s thermoneutral zone—the ambient temperature range in which the body can effectively maintain its temperature and equilibrium—likely falls ...
Normal human body temperature varies slightly from person to person and by the time of day. Consequently, each type of measurement has a range of normal temperatures. The range for normal human body temperatures, taken orally, is 36.8 ± 0.5 °C (98.2 ± 0.9 °F). [12]
A collection of 2024 holiday catalogs are displayed Monday, Nov. 25, 2024, in Freeport, Maine. Catalog retailers, reeling from U.S. postal rate increases, have responded with pint-sized catalogs ...
The human body always works to remain in homeostasis. One form of homeostasis is thermoregulation. Body temperature varies in every individual, but the average internal temperature is 37.0 °C (98.6 °F). [1] Sufficient stress from extreme external temperature may cause injury or death if it exceeds the ability of the body to thermoregulate.